Loud Noise
The most common cause is noise-induced hearing loss, resulting from exposure to excessive or loud noises. Ototoxic drugs can cause tinnitus either secondary to hearing loss or without hearing loss, and may increase the damage done by exposure to loud noise, even at doses that are not in themselves ototoxic.Causes of tinnitus include:
- Otologic problems and hearing loss:
- conductive hearing loss
- external ear infection
- cerumen (earwax) impaction
- middle ear effusion
- sensorineural hearing loss
- excessive or loud noise
- presbycusis (age-associated hearing loss)
- Ménière's disease
- acoustic neuroma
- ototoxic medications
- aspirin
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- antibiotics:
- aminoglycosides e.g. gentamicin
- chloramphenicol
- erythromycin
- tetracycline
- vancomycin
- chemotherapy drugs:
- bleomycin
- cisplatin
- mechlorethamine
- methotrexate
- vincristine
- bumetanide
- ethacrynic acid
- furosemide
- chloroquine
- quinine
- mercury
- lead
- multiple sclerosis
- head injury
- skull fracture
- closed head injury
- whiplash injury
- temporomandibular joint disorder
- thyroid disorder
- hyperlipidemia
- vitamin B12 deficiency
- depression
- anxiety
- fibromyalgia
- hypertonia (Muscle Tension)
- thoracic outlet syndrome
- lyme disease
- hypnogogia
- sleep paralysis
